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Table 1 Risk factors of pancreatic fistula by univariate and multivariate analysis

From: Risk factors and outcomes of postoperative pancreatic fistula after pancreatico-duodenectomy: an audit of 532 consecutive cases

Variable

PF group

NPF group

t/X2

P

HR

95% CI

P

Total

65

467

     

Preoperative factors

       

Age (years)

58.09 ± 11.50

55.48 ± 12.10

1.640

0.102

   

Gender

       

Male

46(70.8%)

298(63.8%)

     

Female

19(29.2%)

169(36.2%)

1.209

0.272

   

Hemoglobin serum levels (g/L)

117.85 ± 24.05

120.03 ± 20.86

0.696

0.487

   

Albumin

  

0.075

0.784

   

<35 g/L

9(13.8%)

59(12.6% )

     

≥35 g/L

56(86.2)

408(87.4%)

     

Hypertension

  

1.545

0.214

   

Yes

11(16.9%)

54(11.6%)

     

No

54(83.1%)

413(88.4%)

     

Diabetes

  

0.015

0.903

   

Yes

7(10.8%)

48(10.3%)

     

No

58(89.2%)

419(89.7%)

     

Preoperative biliary drainage

  

0.005

0.943

   

With

17(26.2%)

124(26.6%)

     

Without

48(73.8%)

343(73.4%)

     

Intraopertive factors

       

Operative time(min)

378.15 + 91.36

356.97 + 84.87

1.868

0.062

   

Blood loss

  

0.075

0.784

   

<500 ml

28(43.1%)

293(62.7%)

9.219

0.002

2.281

1.334-3.901

0.003

≥500 ml

37(56.9%)

174(37.3%)

     

Pancreatic texture

  

2.064

0.151

   

Soft

54(83.1%)

350(74.9%)

     

Firm

11(16.9%)

117(25.1%)

     

Diameter of pancreatic duct

  

14.643

<0.001

0.351

0.192-0.641

0.001

≤3 mm

49(75.4%)

234(50.1%)

     

>3 mm

16(24.6%)

233(49.9%)

     

Pancreatic stent

  

0.435

0.510

   

Yes

53(81.5%)

364(77.9%)

     

No

12(18.2%)

103(22.1%)

     

Preoperative biliary drainage

  

0.005

0.943

   

With

17(26.2%)

124(26.6%)

     

Without

48(73.8%)

343(73.4%)

     

Intraopertive factors

       

Operative time(min)

378.15 + 91.36

356.97 + 84.87

1.868

0.062

   

Blood loss

  

0.075

0.784

   

<500 ml

28(43.1%)

293(62.7%)

9.219

0.002

2.281

1.334-3.901

0.003

≥500 ml

37(56.9%)

174(37.3%)

     

Pancreatic texture

  

2.064

0.151

   

Soft

54(83.1%)

350(74.9%)

     

Firm

11(16.9%)

117(25.1%)

     

Diameter of pancreatic duct

  

14.643

<0.001

0.351

0.192-0.641

0.001

≤3 mm

49(75.4%)

234(50.1%)

     

>3 mm

16(24.6%)

233(49.9%)

     

Pancreatic stent

  

0.435

0.510

   

Yes

53(81.5%)

364(77.9%)

     

No

12(18.2%)

103(22.1%)

     

Venous resection

  

1.095

0.295

   

Yes

3(4.6%)

39(8.4%)

     

No

62(95.4%)

428(91.6%)

     

PJ types

  

15.992

<0.001

1.355

1.007-1.823

0.045

Traditional 2-layers anastomosis

33(50.8%)

271(58.0%)

     

Invaginated anastomosis

27(41.5%)

98(21.0%)

     

Duct to mucous anastomosis

5(7.7%)

98(21.0%)

     
  1. PF: pancreatic fistula; NPF: non pancreatic fistula; PJ: pancreaticojejunostomy; HR: hazard ratio; CI: confidence interval.