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Table 3 CUSUM and SPRT calculations, according to Davies et al [26].

From: Sentinel lymph node biopsy for breast cancer using methylene blue dye manifests a short learning curve among experienced surgeons: a prospective tabular cumulative sum (CUSUM) analysis

p0 is the acceptable failure rate for SLN identification (0.15)

p1 is the unacceptable failure rate (set at 0.3)

α is the type 1 error (set at 0.05)

β is the type 2 error (set at 0.2)

The CUSUM is increased by 1 - s for a failure and decreased by s for a success.

a = ln [(1 - β)/α] = 2.773

b = ln [(1 - α)/β] = 1.558

P = ln(p1/p0) = 0.693

Q = ln [(1 - p0)/(1 - p1)] = 0.194

s = Q/(P + Q) = 0.219

h0, the lower boundary limit, = -b/(P + Q) = -1.756

h1, the upper boundary limit, = a/(P + Q) = 3.126