The impact of open versus closed format ICU admission practices on the outcome of high risk surgical patients: a cohort analysis

Table 4 Patient outcome results

	Open format ICU 1996-1998 (N = 230)	Closed format ICU 2003-2005 (N = 228)	P-value
Mortality	25.7%	15.8%	0.01
APACHE predicted mortality	18.6%	23.5%	0.03
Morbidity	48.7%	46.1%	0.6
Complications per patient (mean, sd)	1.67 (0.94)	2.09 (1.28)	< 0.01
Cardiopulmonary complications	21.8%	25.9%	0.32
Mortality due to cardio- pulmonary complications	12.2%	8.3%	0.02

Values are percentages unless indicated otherwise. ICU: Intensive Care Unit; sd: standard deviation.

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