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Table 3 Univariate and multivariate Cox regression model of potential predictors of outcome.

From: Anterior cervical discectomy with fusion in patients with cervical disc degeneration: a prospective outcome study of 258 patients (181 fused with autologous bone graft and 77 fused with a PEEK cage)

 

Delta radicular pain

Delta neck pain

Delta headache

 

Univariate

Multivariate

Univariate

Multivariate

Univariate

Multivariate

Sex

0.25

[-0.56, 1.05]

0.031

[-0.73, 0.79]

0.40

[-0.41,1.22]

0.18

[-0.49, 0.85]

0.34

[-0.34, 1.01]

0.15

[-0.45,0.74]

Age

-0.035

[-0.08, 0.01]

0

.

0.0095

[-0.03, 0.05]

0

.

-0.000059

[-0.04, 0.04]

0

.

Type of fusion

0.0077

[-0.87, 0.88]

0.21

[-0.61, 1.04]

0.096

[-0.78, 0.98]

-0.069

[-0.79, 0.66]

-0.21

[-0.94, 0.52]

-0.040

[-0.69, 0.61]

No of levels

0.40

[-0.38, 1.19]

0.35

[-0.49, 1.18]

0.23

[-0.56, 1.02]

0.14

[-0.60, 0.87]

0.32

[-0.34, 0.98]

0.37

[-0.28, 1.03]

Level

0.088

[-0.46, 0.64]

0.055

[-0.53, 0.64]

0.35

[-0.20, 0.91]

0.068

[-0.45, 0.58]

0.019

[-0.44, 0.48]

-0.18

[-0.64, 0.28]

Previous symptom duration

-0.0019

[-0.01, 0.01]

-0.0016

[-0.01, 0.01]

0.0028

[-0.00, 0.01]

-0.00088

[-0.01, 0.01]

0.0018

[-0.00, 0.01]

-0.0014

[-0.01, 0.00]

Previous neck surgery

-0.62

[-2.59, 1.36]

-0.50

[-2.37, 1.36]

-1.75

[-3.73, 0.23]

-1.82*

[-3.45, -0.18]

-1.31

[-3.03, 0.41]

-1.02

[-2.54, 0.51]

Previous neck trauma

0.24

[-1.17, 1.64]

-0.098

[-1.42, 1.23]

-0.58

[-1.99, 0.83]

-0.37

[-1.53, 0.79]

0.011

[-1.16, 1.18]

-0.53

[-1.56,0.51]

Preop radicular pain

0.60***

[0.44, 0.76]

0.63***

[0.45, 0.81]

0.31***

[0.13, 0.48]

-0.030

[-0.19, 0.13]

0.065

[-0.08, 0.21]

-0.021

[-0.16, 0.12]

Preop neck pain

0.14

[-0.00, 0.28]

-0.075

[-0.23, 0.08]

0.66***

[0.54, 0.78]

0.75***

[0.62, 0.89]

0.16**

[0.04, 0.28]

-0.035

[-0.16, 0.09]

Preop headache

0.078

[-0.07,0.22]

0.041

[-0.11, 0.19]

0.087

[-0.06, 0.23]

-0.22**

[-0.35, -0.09]

0.52***

[0.41, 0.62]

0.54***

[0.42, 0.66]

Observations

 

256

 

255

 

252

Adjusted R 2

 

0.150

 

0.350

 

0.261

  1. 95% confidence intervals are shown in brackets
  2. p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.00
  3. Outcome variables are the paired differences between preoperative and postoperative pain VAS scores (delta radicular pain, delta neck pain and delta headache).