Table 2 Short-term surgical outcomes of patients undergoing pancreatoduodenectomy according to GNRI categories (n = 144)

Operative time (minutes), median (IQR)

474.5 (210)

500 (223.75)

450 (182)

475 (230)

0.608

Operative blood loss (ml), median (IQR)

250 (300)

300 (325)

200 (250)

250 (250)

0.371

MIS approach, n (%)

28 (19.4%)

12 (22.2%)

6 (17.1%)

10 (18.2%)

0.832

Malignancy, n (%)

133 (92.4%)

50 (92.6%)

34 (97.1%)

49 (89.1%)

0.443

Tumor size (cm), median (IQR)

3 (2.15)

2.9 (2.275)

3 (1.325)

3.2 (2)

0.309

Mortality, n (%)

9 (6.3%)

6 (11.1%)^a

3 (8.6%)

0 (0%)

0.024^†

Readmission, n (%)

6 (4.2%)

3 (5.6%)

1 (2.9%)

2 (3.6%)

0.882^†

Unplanned ICU Readmission, n (%)

29 (20.1%)

18 (33.3%) ^a

4 (11.4%)

7(12.7%)

0.009

Reoperation, n (%)

27 (18.8%)

14 (25.9%)

6 (17.1%)

7 (12.7%)

0.202

Post-operative stays (days), median (IQR)

25 (14.75)

29.5 (19.25)^a

25 (11)

22 (11)

 < 0.001

Length of ICU stays (days), median (IQR)

4 (3)

5 (6)^a

4 (3)

3 (3)

0.001

Soft diet (days), median (IQR)

8 (4)

8 (4)

8 (4)

7 (3)

0.097

Ambulation (days), median (IQR)

6 (3)

7 (6.5)^a

6 (2)

5 (2)

0.006

TPN use (days), median (IQR)

9 (8)

12 (8.5)^a

10 (9)^a

7 (5)

0.001

Drain remove (days), median (IQR)

21 (11)

23 (17)^a

21 (13)^a

17 (9)

 < 0.001

 > Grade IIIb Complication, n (%)

30 (20.8%)

20 (37.0%)^ab

5 (14.3%)

5 (9.1%)

0.001

Fistula Risk Score, median (IQR)

4 (4)

4 (3)

4 (3)

4 (3)

0.488

Pancreatic fistula, n (%)

B

14 (9.7%)

2 (3.7%)

3 (8.6%)

9 (16.4%)

0.082

C

9 (6.3%)

4 (7.4%)

3 (8.6%)

2 (3.6%)

0.627^†

Pulmonary complication, n (%)

16 (11.1%)

11 (20.4%)^a

4 (11.4%)

1 (1.8%)

0.009

Intra-abdominal infection, n (%)

47 (32.6%)

18 (33.3%)

16 (45.7%)

13 (23.6%)

0.097

Postoperative bleeding, n (%)

15 (10.4%)

6 (11.1%)

4 (11.4%)

5 (9.1%)

0.944

Delay gastric emptying, n (%)

32 (22.2%)

14 (25.9%)

7 (20%)

11 (20%)

0.764