Table 2 Univariate and multivariate overall survival analyses of poor prognostic factors (n = 79)

Age, years

  < 80

59 (75%)

43.0

0.841

  ≥ 80

20 (25%)

58.2

Sex

 Male

41 (52%)

43.0

0.506

 Female

38 (48%)

58.2

Neoadjuvant chemotherapy

 Yes

36 (46%)

64.0

0.281

 No

43 (54%)

39.3

Preoperative CA19–9 level, U/mL

  < 100

54 (68%)

58.2

0.610

 ≧100

25 (32%)

39.3

Preoperative BMI, kg/m²

  < 18.5

7 (9%)

24.6

0.152

 ≧18.5

72 (91%)

58.2

Preoperative BMI, kg/m²

  < 25

64 (81%)

43.0

0.420

 ≧25

15 (19%)

58.2

Preoperative low SMI, kg/m²

 Yes

34 (43%)

44.6

0.495

 No

45 (57%)

58.2

Preoperative BFM, kg

  < 12

20 (25%)

26.7

0.092

 ≧12

59 (75%)

58.2

Preoperative ECW/TBW

  < 0.4

46 (58%)

43.0

0.871

 ≧0.4

33 (42%)

58.2

BFM loss percentage 1 month after surgery, %

  < 14

42 (53%)

64.0

0.021

1.0

0.021

 ≧14

37 (47%)

38.8

2.52

1.15–5.55

SMM loss percentage 1 month after surgery, %

  < 5

55 (70%)

44.6

0.785

 ≧5

24 (30%)

64.0

preoperative serum albumin, g/mL

  < 3.5

23 (%)

38.8

0.475

 ≧3.5

56 (%)

58.2

preoperative PNI

  < 45

44 (56%)

39.3

0.611

 ≧45

35 (44%)

44.6

Preoperative GPS

 0

51 (65%)

58.2

0.990

 ≧1

28 (35%)

39.3

Resectability status

 Resectable

62 (78%)

43.0

0.985

 Borderline resectable / Unresectable

17 (22%)

64.0

Surgical procedures

 PD / TP

43 (54%)

44.6

0.852

 DP

36 (46%)

58.2

Pathological tumor size, mm

  < 30

48 (61%)

58.2

0.053

1.0

0.253

 ≧30

31 (39%)

25.7

1.68

0.69–4.11

Lymph node metastasis

 Positive

46 (58%)

39.3

0.030

3.61

1.30–10.02

0.014

 Negative

33 (42%)

58.2

1.0

Surgical margin

 Positive

16 (20%)

58.2

0.763

 Negative

63 (80%)

44.6

Postoperative complication

 Yes

6 (8%)

–

0.221

 No

73 (92%)

43.0

Adjuvant chemotherapy

 Yes

69 (87%)

64.0

< 0.001

1.0

< 0.001

 No

10 (13%)

27.6

13.30

4.08–43.41