Table 1 Baseline characteristics and results of patients who underwent LPD

Age (years)

63.38 ± 10.41

Sex (M/F)

54/42

BMI (kg/m²)

22.52 ± 2.87

Pathology

 Ampullary carcinoma

7 (7.3%)

 Distal cholangiocarcinoma

12 (12.5%)

 Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma

48 (50%)

 Duodenal papillary carcinoma

21 (21.9%)

 Duodenal adenoma

1 (1.0%)

 Neuroendocrine tumor

1 (1.0%)

 Pancreatic duct stones or pancreatitis

0

 Intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms

4 (4.2%)

 Solid pseudopapillary tumor

2 (2.1%)

Operative time (min)

445.30 ± 87.05

Pancreaticojejunostomy time (min)

66.28 ± 10.17

Vascular resection (portal vein reconstruction)

1 (1.0%)

Blood loss (mL)

198.43 ± 132.97

Pancreatic parenchymal texture

 Soft

51

 Hard

45

Pancreatic duct diameter

 > 3 mm

35

 ≤ 3 mm

61

Grade B POPF

13 (13.5%)

Grade C POPF

1 (1.0%)

Reoperation

1 (1.0%)

Delayed gastric emptying

4 (4.2%)

Bile leakage

2 (2.1%)

Abdominal hemorrhage

1 (1.0%)

Gastrointestinal anastomotic hemorrhage

1 (1.0%)

Abdominal infection

2 (2.1%)

Pneumonia

3 (3.1%)

Chylous fistula

6 (6.3%)

Postoperative hospital stay (day)

13.68 ± 4.02

Mortality < 90 days

0