Table 2 Patients’ operative data

Total time of surgery (mean ± S.D.)

438.4 ± 45.7

Total amount of blood loss (mean ± S.D.)

115.6 ± 107.6

Type of thoracic approach

 Thoracoscopic

42

 Thoracotomy

1

Type of abdominal approach

 Laparoscopic

40

 Laparotomy

3

Field of lymph dissection

 Two fields

2

 Three fields

41

Route of reconstruction

 Retrosternal

39

 Posterior mediastinal

4

Type of anastomotic procedure

 Mechanical liner

43

 Others

0