Post-cholecystectomy bile duct injuries: a retrospective cohort study

BMC Surgery

Table 4 Management procedures in 35 patients with bile duct injuries following cholecystectomies with respect to the timing of detection

Management options undertaken	Time of detection								χ²	^MCp
	Early intraoperative (Ei) (n = 10)		Early Postoperative (Ep) (n = 22)				Late (L) (n = 3)
	No.	%	-<72 h. (n = 9)		->72 h. - <3 weeks (n = 13)		No.	%
	No.	%	No.	%	No.	%	No.	%
PTBD	2	20.0	0	0.0	11	84.6	2	66.7	19.378^*	< 0.001^*
Successful ERCP	1	10.0	3	33.3	3	23.1	1	33.3	2.057	0.531
Sphincterotomy Only	1	10.0	2	22.2	2	15.4	1	33.3	1.650	0.725
Sphincterotomy + Stent	0	0.0	1	11.1	1	7.7	0	0.0	1.894	0.780
Surgical Exploration	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0	1	33.3	5.545	0.087
Re-Laparoscopy	0	0.0	9	100	1	7.7	0	0.0	27.572^*	< 0.001^*
Primary bilioenteric anastomosis	2	20.0	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0	3.805	0.305
Delayed Hepaticojejunostomy	2	20.0	0	0.0	11	84.6	2	66.7	19.378^*	^MCp<0.001^*
Ligature/clipping of Duct of Luschka	6	60.0	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0	13.639^*	^MCp<0.001^*
T-tube Insertion	1	10.0	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0	3.137	0.629
Ligature of a main duct as a method of triaging *	1	10.0	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0	3.137	0.626
Pigtail drainage	1	10.0	0	0.0	7	53.8	2	66.7	11.004^*	^MCp=0.005^*

(PTBD) Percutaneous Transhepatic Biliary Drainage; (ERCP) Endoscopic Retrograde cholangiopancreatography; (χ²): Chi-square test; (MC) Monte Carlo; (p) p-value; *ligature of a main duct during intra-operative diagnosis is not recommended by current literature [21]

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