Table 3 Operative data of the study patients

Liver status

0.001

 Cirrhosis

296 (94%)

86 (97.7%)

160 (95.8%)

50 (83.3%)

 Normal

19 (6%)

2 (2.3%)

7 (4.2%)

10 (16.7%)

Site

0.04

 Right hemi-liver

160 (50.8%)

35 (39.8%)

90 (53.9%)

35 (58.3%)

 Left hemi-liver

141 (44.8%)

51 (58%)

68 (40.7%)

22 (36.7%)

 Caudate lobe

6 (1.9%)

2 (2.3%)

4 (2.4%)

0

 Bilobar

8 (2.5%)

0

5 (3%)

3 (5%)

Lesion site details

0.001

 Right hemi-liver

27 (8.6%)

2 (2.3%)

10 (6%)

15 (25%)

 Left hemi-liver

11 (3.5%)

1 (1.1%)

6 (3.6%)

4 (6.7%)

 Left lateral section

56 (17.8%)

14 (15.9%)

32 (19.2%)

10 (16.7%)

 Segment IV

16 (5.1%)

7 (8%)

6 (3.6%)

3 (5%)

 Right anterior section

2 (0.6%)

0

2 (1.2%)

0

 Right posterior section

12 (3.8%)

1 (1.1%)

6 (3.6%)

5 (8.3%)

Central

10 (3.2%)

4 (4.5%)

5 (3%)

1 (1.7%)

 Caudate lobe

6 (1.9%)

2 (2.3%)

4 (2.4%)

0

 Segment II

13 (4.1%)

7 (8%)

6 (3.6%)

0

 Segment III

35 (11.1%)

20 (22.7%)

13 (7.8%)

2 (3.3%)

 Segment V

14 (4.4%)

6 (6.8%)

8 (4.8%)

0

 Segment VI

45 (14.3%)

11 (12.5%)

28 (16.8%)

6 (10%)

 Segment VII

32 (10.2%)

10 (11.4%)

19 (11.4%)

3 (5%)

 Segment VIII

15 (4.8%)

3 (3.4%)

11 (6.6%)

1 (1.7%)

 Multi-site

20 (6.3%)

0

11 (6.6%)

9 (15%)

Number

0.003

 Single

290 (92.1%)

87 (98.9%)

153 (91.6%)

50 (83.3%)

 Multiple

25 (7.9%)

1 (1.1%)

14 (8.4%)

10 (16.7%)

 Vascular invasion

41 (13%)

6 (6.8%)

17 (10.2%)

18 (30%)

0.001

 Biliary invasion

1 (0.3%)

0

1 (0.6%)

0

0.641

 Nearby organ invasion

19 (6%)

3 (3.4%)

7 (4.2%)

9 (15%)

0.005

 Lymph nodes

25 (7.9%)

5 (5.7%)

9 (5.4%)

11 (18.3%)

0.004

 Intraoperative biopsies

16 (5.1%)

3 (3.4%)

8 (4.8%)

5 (8.3%)

0.395

Biopsy site

0.299

 Suspicious liver nodule

7 (2.3%)

2 (2.3%)

3 (1.9%)

2 (3.3%)

 Safety margin

1 (0.3%)

0

1 (0.6%)

0

 Lymph nodes

8 (2.5%)

1 (1.1%)

4 (2.4%)

3 (5%)

Biopsy result

0.239

 HCC

5 (1.6%)

0

3 (1.8%)

2 (3.3%)

 High grade tumor

1 (0.3%)

1 (1.1%)

0

0

 Negative

10 (3.2%)

2 (2.3%)

5 (3%)

3 (5%)

Surgery approach

0.312

 Open

308 (97.8%)

85 (96.6%)

163 (97.6%)

60 (100%)

 Laparoscopic

5 (1.6%)

3 (3.4%)

2 (1.2%)

0

 Failed laparoscopic

2 (0.6%)

0

2 (1.2%)

0

Liver resection extent

0.001

 Minor

241 (76.5%)

82 (93.2%)

131 (78.4%)

28 (46.7%)

 Major

74 (23.5%)

6 (6.8%)

36 (21.6%)

32 (53.3%)

Liver resection type

0.001

 Tumorectomy

149 (47.3%)

56 (63.6%)

82 (49.1%)

11 (18.3%)

 Segmentectomy

6 (1.9%)

0

6 (3.6%)

0

 Left lateral sectionectomy

72 (22.9%)

22 (25%)

35 (21%)

15 (25%)

 Right anterior sectionectomy

1 (0.3%)

1 (1.1%)

0

0

 Right posterior sectionectomy

1 (0.3%)

0

1 (0.6%)

0

 Left hepatectomy

14 (4.4%)

1 (1.1%)

7 (4.2%)

6 (10%)

 Extended left hepatectomy

1 (0.3%)

0

1 (0.6%)

0

 Right hepatectomy

52 (16.5%)

3 (3.4%)

27 (16.2%)

22 (36.7%)

 Extended right hepatectomy

6 (1.9%)

2 (2.3%)

1 (0.6%)

3 (5%)

 Central hepatectomy

1 (0.3%)

1 (1.1%)

0

0

 Caudate lobectomy

6 (1.9%)

2 (2.3%)

4 (2.4%)

0

 Multiple resections

6 (1.9%)

0

3 (1.8%)

3 (5%)

Associated portal thrombectomy

6 (1.9%)

0

3 (1.8%)

3 (5%)

0.091

Associated extrahepatic biliary resection

1 (0.3%)

0

1 (0.6%)

0

0.641

Pringle procedure use

46 (14.6%)

9 (10.2%)

26 (15.6%)

11 (18.3%)

0.342

Pringle indication

0.007

 Elective

27 (8.6%)

7 (8%)

18 (10.8%)

2 (3.3%)

 Emergency

19 (6%)

2 (2.3%)

8 (4.8%)

9 (15%)

Pringle duration (minutes)

17.5 (10–90)

15 (10–25)

17.5 (10–90)

20 (15–40)

0.904

Operation time (hours)

3 (1.2–7)

2.5 (1.2–7)

3 (1.2–6)

3.5 (1.5–6)

0.001

Blood loss (ml)

600 (50–6000)

400 (50–4000)

600 (50–6000)

1000 (100–6000)

0.001

Blood transfusion

152 (48.3%)

25 (28.4%)

84 (50.3%)

43 (71.7%)

0.001