Table 3 Comparison of perioperative effects between the two stages
Clinical factor | Mode of operation | P value | |
|---|---|---|---|
Learning improvement stage (n = 35) | Proficiency stage (n = 75) | ||
Days from surgery to discharge (days) | 19.4 ± 2.6 | 14.9 ± 3.2 | < 0.05 |
Operation time (minutes) | 376.9 ± 48.2 | 294.4 ± 18.7 | < 0.05 |
Intraoperative blood loss (ml) | 375.1 ± 194.3 | 241 ± 123.8 | < 0.05 |
Pancreatic fistula | 0.049 | ||
No pancreatic fistula or biochemical leakage | 25 (71.4%) | 76 (89.4%) | |
Grade B pancreatic fistula | 7 (20.0%) | 6 (7.1%) | |
Grade C pancreatic fistula | 3 (8.6%) | 3 (3.5%) | |
Biliary fistula | 0.094 | ||
no | 29 (82.9%) | 79 (92.9%) | |
yes | 6 (17.1%) | 6 (7.1%) | |
Gastrointestinal fistula | 0.972 | ||
no | 33 (94.3%) | 80 (94.1%) | |
yes | 2 (5.7%) | 5 (5.9%) | |
gastroplegia | 0.351 | ||
no | 33 (94.3%) | 83 (97.6%) | |
yes | 2 (5.7%) | 2 (2.4%) | |
Anal exhaust time (days) | 3.1 ± 0.9 | 2.7 ± 0.8 | 0.027 |
Postoperative feeding time (days) | 3.3 ± 0.8 | 2.7 ± 0.8 | 0.001 |
Postoperative bleeding | 0.070 | ||
no | 30 (85.7%) | 81 (95.3%) | |
yes | 5 (14.3%) | 4 (4.7%) | |
abdominal infection | 0.008 | ||
no | 28 (80.0%) | 81 (95.3%) | |
yes | 7 (20.0%) | 4 (4.7%) | |
Reoperation | 0.412 | ||
no | 30 (85.7%) | 80 (94.1%) | |
yes | 5 (14.3%) | 5 (5.9%) | |
Perioperative death | 0.852 | ||
no | 33 (97.1%) | 85 (98.8%) | |
yes | 1 (2.9%) | 1 (1.2%) | |