Table 2 Comparison of general data of patients in the two stages
Learning improvement stage (n = 35) | Proficiency stage (n = 85) | P value | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
gender | 0.446 | |||
male | 22 (62.9%) | 47 (55.3%) | ||
female | 13 (37.1%) | 38 (44.7%) | ||
Age (years) | 58.1 ± 8.8 | 60.0 ± 8.9 | 0.245 | |
Main admission symptom | 0.352 | |||
jaundice | 25 (71.4%) | 54 (63.5%) | ||
abdominal pain | 2 (5.7%) | 13 (15.3%) | ||
others | 8 (22.9%) | 18 (21.7%) | ||
hypertension | 0.581 | |||
no | 31 (88.6%) | 72 (84.7%) | ||
yes | 4 (11.4%) | 13 (15.3%) | ||
Diabetes mellitus | 0.788 | |||
no | 33 (94.3%) | 79 (92.9%) | ||
yes | 2 (5.7%) | 6 (7.1%) | ||
smoking history | 0.308 | |||
no | 26 (74.3%) | 55 (64.7%) | ||
yes | 9 (25.7%) | 30 (35.3%) | ||
Drinking history | 0.633 | |||
no | 33 (94.1%) | 62 (72.9%) | ||
yes | 8 (22.9%) | 23 (27.1%) | ||
History of pancreatitis | 0.351 | |||
no | 33 (94.3%) | 83 (97.6%) | ||
yes | 2 (5.7%) | 2 (2.4%) | ||
History of cholangitis | ||||
no | 34 (97.1%) | 84 (98.8%) | 0.517 | |
yes | 1 (2.9%) | 1 (1.2%) | ||
history of abdominal operation | 0.704 | |||
no | 30 (85.7%) | 75 (88.2%) | ||
yes | 5 (14.3%) | 10 (11.8%) | ||
Main tumor size (cm) | 2.4 ± 1.1 | 2.5 ± 0.9 | 0.351 | |
American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) score | (0.599) | |||
≤ 2 | 20 (57.1%) | 53 (62.3%) | ||
> 2 | 15 (42.9%) | 32 (37.7%) | ||
pathological findings | 0.377 | |||
cholangiocarcinoma | 11 (31.4%) | 29 (34.1%) | ||
Periampullary carcinoma | 7 (20.0%) | 9 (10.6%) | ||
pancreatic cancer | 4 (11.4%) | 21 (24.7%) | ||
Carcinoma of duodenal papilla | 11 (31.4%) | 21 (24.7%) | ||
Pancreatic neuroendocrine cancer | 2 (5.7%) | 5 (5.9%) | ||
Body mass index() | 18.5 ± 2.8 | 18.4 ± 2.7 | 0.909 | |