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Table 3 Complications, management, and outcomes

From: Endoscopic main duct stenting in refractory postoperative pancreatic fistula after distal pancreatectomy – a friend or a foe?

Variable

Overall N = 4061

No POPF n = 2861

POPF n = 1201

p-value2

POPF

p-value2

No ET n = 1031

ET n = 171

Hospital stay (days)

9 (7–14)

9 (7–12)

12 (8–18)

< 0.001

11 (8–15)

24 (15–51)

< 0.001

Re-admission (%)

94 (23)

35 (12)

59 (50)

< 0.001

47 (46)

12 (75)

0.031

Intermediary stay (%)

334 (82)

237 (83)

97 (81)

0.574

81 (79)

16 (94)

0.189

Intermediary days

2 (2–4)

2 (2–4)

2 (2–5)

0.717

2 (1–3)

5 (2–7)

0.004

ICU-stay 24 hr (%)

19 (4.7)

8 (2.8)

11 (9.2)

0.006

7 (6.8)

4 (24)

0.049

Drain duration (days)

8 (6–20)

7 (5–9)

32 (20–50)

< 0.001

30 (20–48)

41 (23–91)

0.147

Additional drain (%)

78 (19)

15 (5.3)

63 (52)

< 0.001

51 (50)

12 (71)

0.107

Antibiotics

238 (59)

125 (44)

113 (94)

< 0.001

96 (93)

17 (100)

0.591

Antibiotics (days)

13 (8–23)

10 (6–14)

21 (14–34)

< 0.001

20 (13–32)

30 (18–66)

0.017

Deep infection (%)

101 (25)

27 (9.5)

74 (62)

< 0.001

58 (56)

16 (94)

0.003

Re-laparotomy (%)

25 (6.2)

9 (3.2)

16 (13)

< 0.001

13 (13)

3 (18)

0.699

Wound dehiscence (%)

5 (1.2)

4 (1.4)

1 (0.9)

1.000

4 (3.9)

1 (5.9)

0.541

Angio-intervention (%)

6 (1.5)

1 (0.4)

5 (4.2)

0.010

1 (1.0)

0 (0)

1.000

CT within first week (%)

29 (7.8)

11 (4.3)

18 (16)

< 0.001

14 (15)

4 (24)

0.469

Pancreatitis (%)

2 (6.9)

1 (9.1)

1 (5.6)

1.000

0 (0)

1 (25)

0.222

PPAP (%)

   

1.000

  

1.000

No

330 (100)

228 (100)

102 (100)

 

89 (100)

13 (100)

 

Yes

1 (0.3)

1 (0.4)

0 (0)

 

0 (0)

0 (0)

 

POPF (%)

   

< 0.001

  

0.014

No or A

285 (70)

285 (100)

0 (0)

 

0 (0)

0 (0)

 

B

112 (28)

0 (0)

112 (93)

 

99 (96)

13 (76)

 

C

8 (2.0)

0 (0)

8 (6.7)

 

4 (3.9)

4 (24)

 

PPH (%)

   

0.002

  

0.005

No or A

381 (94)

274 (96)

107 (89)

 

95 (92)

12 (71)

 

B

17 (4.2)

10 (3.5)

7 (5.8)

 

6 (5.8)

1 (5.9)

 

C

7 (1.7)

1 (0.4)

6 (5.0)

 

2 (1.9)

4 (24)

 

DGE (%)

   

0.828

  

0.019

No or A

397 (98)

280 (98)

117 (98)

 

102 (99)

15 (88)

 

B

4 (1.0)

3 (1.1)

1 (0.8)

 

1 (1.0)

0 (0)

 

C

4 (1.0)

2 (0.7)

2 (1.7)

 

0 (0)

2 (12)

 

Clavien-Dindo grade

   

< 0.001

  

< 0.001

0–2

303 (75)

247 (87)

56 (47)

 

56 (54)

0 (0)

 

3

83 (20)

30 (11)

53 (44)

 

40 (39)

13 (76)

 

4

16 (4.0)

7 (2.5)

9 (7.5)

 

6 (5.8)

3 (18)

 

5

3 (0.7)

1 (0.4)

2 (1.7)

 

1 (1.0)

1 (5.9)

 
  1. 1Median (25-75%); n (%).
  2. 2Wilcoxon rank sum test; Pearson’s Chi-squared test; Fisher’s exact test.
  3. POPF, postoperative pancreatic fistula; ET, endoscopic treatment; ICU, intensive care unit; CT, computerized tomography; PPAP, post-pancreatectomy acute pancreatitis; PPH, post-pancreatectomy hemorrhage; DGE, delayed gastric emptying.
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