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Table 2 Complication after primary closure following LCBDE

From: Risk factors for bile leakage after primary closure following laparoscopic common bile duct exploration: a retrospective cohort study

Dindo-Clavien classification

Complication

No. of patients

Management

Grade I

Bile leakage

Wound infection

10

7

Observation

Grade II

Bile leakage

Fluid collection

Pneumonia

5

4

2

Antibiotics

Grade III

 IIIa

 IIIb

Infected collection

Bile leakage

1

1

Percutaneous drainage

Reoperation