Table 1 Patients characters with CBD stones treated by LCBDE and primary closure after LCBDE

Male/Female

122/135

72/69

Age (years), mean ± SD

59.2 ± 15.3

58.9 ± 15.2

ASA score (I/II/III/IV)

41/143/55/18

22/79/32/8

Diameter of CBD (cm), mean ± SD

1.2 ± 0.3

1.1 ± 0.3

No. of stones, mean ± SD^a

1.7 ± 1.3

1.7 ± 1.2

Length of choledochotomy (cm)

1.2 ± 0.6

1.3 ± 1.2

Primary closure/T-tube drainage

141/116

—

Postoperative bile leakage

20 (7.8%)

16 (11.3%)

Postoperative hemorrhage

8 (3.1%)

5 (3.5%)

Residual stones

10 (3.9%)

2 (1.4%)

Stone recurrence^b

2 (0.8%)

2 (1.4%)

Bile duct stricture^b

0

0

Duration of drainage placement (days)

4.0 ± 2.0

3.8 ± 2.0

Death

0

0